Reflection on How Master of Science in Public...

My thoughts of public service prior to the MSPA program? My thoughts about public service before I entered the Master of Science in Public Administration (MSPA) program at California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA), were most likely different from those of someone who received an undergraduate degree in Public Administration. My undergraduate degree was in Criminal Justice, and my thoughts of public service were conceived from my personal interactions I had with public service agencies and media portrayals. My thoughts on public service were that there was a massive hole in â€Å"customer† satisfaction, economic efficiency, and effectiveness causing a lack of confidence in the system. One major factor was my personal interactions with†¦show more content†¦Private companies have had huge campaigns over the past few years to stay relevant with their consumers by engaging in social media and free apps, and transact on their smart-phones. Within e-Government, there are four stages that can be met which are: Presence, Interactions, Transaction, and Transformation (Garson, 2006). A second contributing factor to my thoughts about public service was the Medias portrayal of servants in public service. As early as I could remember there has always been scandals surrounding public service and its servants. Most recently the corruption scandal in the City of Bell, where the City Manager Robert Rizzo and five City Council members were charged in stealing more than $5 million from the City (Rogers, 2013). Similar cases like these have caused a huge loss in constituent trust in their government. These types of scandals can cause decades of unrecoverable relationships between the administrations and the constituents. Recently, a third report was about the Los Angeles City Council member Jose Huizar. A story about Mr. Huizar surfaced in the media where he was being sued by his former Deputy Chief of Staff. Although, these were only allegations, and he had not been convicted of any wrong doing the fact is that these allegations were definitely going to cause some headaches and possibly his re-election as he was getting ready to campaign for his third four-year term as a council member (Zahniser, 2013). With soShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper on Organizational Behavior Course3202 Words   |  13 PagesReflection Paper on Organizational Behavior Course When the Philippine Army (PA) gave me a Masteral Degree Scholarship, I was told to take a Human Resource Management (HRM) course. 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Martha Kyoshaba Date:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 APPROVAL This dissertation has been written under our supervision and has been submitted for the award of the degree of Master of ArtsRead MoreAn Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on National Development of Nigeria61708 Words   |  247 PagesAN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA BY ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI October, 2 0 0 4 ii AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA BY ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI (MATRICULATION NO. 3081) A Dissertation Submitted to St. Clements University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy in Management St. Clements University October, 2004 iii DECLARATION I declare thatRead MoreHistory of Common Law9609 Words   |  39 PagesEngland, and the extent of the taxes he could raise. 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This year she retires after a lifetime’s teaching, the last 25 years of which has been spent as a junior-school headmistress in Wantage, Oxfordshire. I was brought up in Wantage, and between the ages of eight and 11 I attended her

Protecting Victims’ Rights Free Essays

The criminal justice system is designed to prevent crime from occurring, as well as administering justice after a crime is committed. One important aspect of this side of the law is to ensure that victims of crime are well protected and receive fair treatment throughout the process. That is why government and local agencies are required to ensure victims’ rights, from making sure that the accused stays away to notification for every important date concerning the crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Protecting Victims’ Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now And no single segment of crime victims receives as much protection as female victims of sexual crimes. More than any other group of crime victims, female victims of sexual assault, harassment, and other sexual crimes are the main focus of many local, state, and federal law enforcement measures to ensure the protection of victims’ crime. As the federal level of the justice system offers a vast amount of information regarding the protection of victims’ rights, it serves as the perfect starting point to understanding victims’ rights. The most comprehensive bill that covering victims’ rights is 18 United States Code, Section 3771, which includes eight measures designed to protect victim’s rights. One point of the Bill of Victim’s Rights is that the victim has the right to be reasonably protected from the accused (United States House of Representatives, 2006). This includes every measure that local and government authorities can take to make sure the accused does not cause any further hardship or threaten the victim in any way. Another important part of the victims’ bill of rights is making sure that victims are able to state their case in full, and have the right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding (United States House of Representatives, 2006). Making sure that victims utilize their right to be heard begins initially with the law enforcement agent taking their statement. The purpose of the victim impact statement is to give the victim of the crime the chance to express, in writing, the impact of the crime, including all economic losses, physical or psychological injuries, and significant changes to the victim’s quality of life (Commonwealth of Virginia, 2000). Whatever the victim tells the law enforcement agents about the impact of the crime on his or her life helps determine the types of assistance that a victim may need. For sexual assault victims this aspect of the process is very important, as the crime is often committed with few or no other witnesses. Victims of sexual assault illustrate many of the reasons that victims require such strong protection of their rights. Because of the violent nature of rape and sexual assault, victims are often traumatized far more than other crime victims. Victims of sexual assault and rape are often left frightened and unwilling or unable to pursue the necessary course of justice against their perpetrators. This fear might encourage them to withhold information that may also be embarrassing or painful to bring up, leading to the perpetrator getting away with the crime. As serious crimes, the charges that result from sexual assault and rape are significant and can result in severe penalties for the perpetrator, including long prison sentences. However, despite the seriousness of sexual crimes, most victims fail to report them to authorities for a variety of reasons, including the fear that their rights may not be fully protected. The fact that many of these victims do not report the crime leads to the criminals not being convicted. As for all sexual crimes against females, rape remains the least reported of them all, which also includes having the least number of indictments and least number of convictions of all violent crimes in America; the segment of the population that experiences the highest amounts of rape and lowest amounts of reporting them is among college students, where the reporting rate is around 5%. (Fisher, et. al, 2000). This low instance of reporting of sexual assault and rape illustrates an important deficiency in the criminal justice system’s ability to convince female sexual crime victims of their rights. Many of the reasons that females cite for not reporting the crimes inflicted against them include fear of blame from society, desire to quickly move on with their lives, their desire to avoid a long investigation and subsequent trial, and finally out of concerns for their privacy. It is the job of police, the district attorney’s office, and federal branches to make sure that none of these reasons prevent a victim from reporting a crime. Because of this there are many programs designed to provide crime victims with accurate information about the criminal justice system and the many rights that victims possess. At the federal level, the Department of Justice offers many programs and initiatives to ensure that victims are made fully aware of their rights. The Office of Justice Programs has an Office for Victims of Crime that works throughout the year on programs designed to assist victims of crime through grants. The amount of help that the Office for Victims of Crime gives to victims is considerable. In Fiscal Year 2007, Office of Victims of Crime distributed more than $370 million to the states through Victims of Crime Act, which was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 30, 2004 and contains four major sections related to crime victims and the criminal justice process, which include protecting crime victims’ rights, eliminating the substantial backlog of DNA samples collected from crime scenes and convicted offenders, and improving and expanding the DNA testing capacity of federal, state, and local crime laboratories (U. S. Department of Justice Office for Victims of Crime [OVC], 2008). The Office for Victims of Crime has also given assistance grants and more than $165 million to the states through Victims of Crime Act compensation grants, with both the victim assistance grants and the victim compensation awards funded by the Crime Victims Fund, which is culled from fines, penalties, and bail forfeitures collected from convicted federal criminals (OVC, 2008). Other compensation measures taken on behalf of victims include providing reimbursement to crime victims for crime-related expenses such as medical costs, mental health counseling, funeral and burial costs, and lost wages or loss of support. hile state victim assistance programs fund local victim assistance services such as crisis intervention, counseling, emergency shelter, and criminal justice system advocacy (OVC, 2008). And, while the Office for Victims of Crime provides monetary compensation to many victims, it also heads up several programs designed to create a stronger conglomeration of criminal justice d epartments to ensure the protection and assistance of crime victims. The Office trains criminal justice professionals about the needs and rights of victims of crime and provides them with the latest in ideas and practices in victim protection through such networks as the Office’s Help Exchange Lessons and Practices in Victim Services message board, and finally the Office sponsors the National Victim Assistance Academy, an annual training conference for those who assist victims and survivors of crime (OVC, 2008). While there remain many programs set up by the Department of Justice to ensure victims’ rights, most of the inspiration for the programs continues to come from the basic tenets of the Victims’ Bill of Rights. Another important aspect of the Victims’ Bill of Rights is that the victim is made aware of everything that occurs in the case as it progresses. This also means that the victim has the right to any and all information concerning the case of the prosecution. According to the U. S. code victims have: â€Å"The right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any public court proceeding, or any parole proceeding, involving the crime or of any release or escape of the accused† (United States House of Representatives, 2006). This means that victims should not be made to wait for the latest information that arises in the case, including any revelations about the accused or any changes in his or her status. Providing accurate and timely information to victims about their rights is one of the main ways of protecting their rights, and the Nationwide Automated Victim Information and Notification System has been established to make sure that they receive information pertaining to their case as soon as it becomes available. Began with funding by the Office for Victims of Crime, the Victim Information and Notification System is a computer-automated system that notifies crime victims of key events in their cases, including an offender’s release before trial or from prison; as of September 2007, VNS was serving more than 1,300,000 crime victims nationwide with information on federal criminal justice cases provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Postal Inspection Service, the United States Attorneys’ Offices, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (OVC, 2008). By keeping crime victims informed of the status of their case and of the perpetrator, criminal justice professionals are able to provide victims with a piece of mind that allows them to retain a semblance of a normal life after crime. The Victims’ Bill of Rights continue with: â€Å"The right not to be excluded from any such public court proceeding, unless the court, after receiving clear and convincing evidence, determines that testimony by the victim would be materially altered if the victim heard other testimony at that proceeding; the reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the Government in the case† (2006). By giving the victim the right to access the court information, as well as hear the case made against the accused in detail, the federal and local governments are ensuring that victims have significant influence on the outcome of the case. They are able to revise and mistakes made in the case of the prosecution, and they are also able to participate as much as possible in the proceedings. Not only does this help the victim put some of the trauma from the crime behind him or her, but it also significantly affects the ability of the Government to prosecute the accused. Additional rights ensured by the Victims’ Bill of Rights are loyal to the basic ideals of the American Bill of Rights and deal mainly with the right to a speedy trial. According to the bill, victims have: â€Å"The right to full and timely restitution as provided in law; the right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay† (United States House of Representatives, 2006). This not only ensures that the law will pursue the case against the accused to prevent further crime, but it also reinforces the role of the law as efficient protector. Also, by ensuring that the proceedings move in a timely manner, the victim is not required to endure a long and painful process. These measures go along well with the final right guaranteed by the victims’ bill of rights, and that is the right to be treated with fairness and with respect for dignity and privacy (2006). In the end, this is most important of all the rights, and perhaps a culmination as well, as all of the rights assured victims are to treat them with the utmost respect, fairness, and dignity. The duty of the U. S. Attorney’s Office and the Department of Justice is to ensure victims of crime that their rights will be protected, and their results have been mixed at best. While there remain many important programs to educate victims on their rights, the case of sexual assault and rape victims and their low rate of reporting crimes against them speak of a general failure in assuring victims of their rights’ protection. Organizations like the Office for Victims of Crime must work harder to ensure that the victims of crime requiring the most assurance and protection receive what they need, and not just monetary compensation for financial losses or medical bills. While some rights vary from state to state, with some states guaranteeing even more rights to victims than others, the general protections afforded by the Victims’ Bill of Rights should be known by all victims. In the end, educating victims on their rights is the biggest protection that any government or local authority can offer victims of crime. How to cite Protecting Victims’ Rights, Papers

Character Analysis The Darker Face of the Earth Essay Example For Students

Character Analysis: The Darker Face of the Earth Essay Fictional characters ANALYSIS OF ALEXANDER AND AMALIA JENNINGS LAFARGE IN RITA DOVE’STHE DARKER FACE OF THE EARTH Abstraction The Darker Face of the Earthby Rita Dove is chosen to be the focal point of this analysis which specified into two characters—Alexander and Amalia Jennings LaFarge. There are some unsimilarity between Alexander and Amalia Jennings LaFarge in the features and their position of societal category. The aims of this analysis are to place, describe and analyze attitudes, gestures, and traits of Alexander and Amalia Jennings LaFarge. The writer uses descriptive as the method of this analysis and applies New Criticism theory to analyze the features of these character based from the play. New Criticism theory needs a close reading and examines anything that necessary to this analysis merely based from the text in the book of this play. The consequence findings show that there are alone features found within Alexander and Amalia Jennings LaFarge such as spiritual, attention, smart, and so forth. These characters named as Alexander and Amalia Jennings LaFarge played by the writer herself and this analysis hopefully assist the writer besides the readers to do better apprehension in each characters and creates grasp from the histrion to these characters. Keywords: Fictional characters, Characteristics, New Criticism, Drama Introduction Literature is a work of art that is expressed in words. Literary work may hold the same elements with other plants of art, but every work of art has alone individuality and particular significance. Literary plants are grouped into four classs or types. Literary plants have four types which are narrative, play, poesy, and prose ( Roberts, 1983: 54 ) . The writer choses play that is set to be played on the phase. As one type of literature, play is a alone class, â€Å"The narrative in a play told like a adult male speaks to another and there are interactions between characters lively unlike novels and poesy where merely the writer tells the narrative. The characters in the play are variant like the characters are non ever human but animate beings or objects can besides be used as a character. It all depends on the wants of the writers want to use ( Iwuchukwu, 2008: 46 ) . Character makes play become alive. Fictional characters in the literary plants express the head, duologue and hum an behaviour in general through conversation and function with the signifiers of interaction between characters that exist in that play ( Roberts, 1988: 64 ) . This analysis discusses the play of Rita Dove entitledThe Darker Face of the Earthwhich noted as one of Dove’s celebrated play and got inspired from the myth ofOedipusas seen in the struggle that has similar with the narrative of the Greek MythOedipus.The Darker Face of the Earthpublished in 1994 and premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland, Oregon in 1996. This play besides later produced at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. , the royal National Theatre in London and in many other locales ( Oakes 110 ) .The Darker Face of the Earthreflects the struggles that occur in the 17th century, a pre-civil war epoch, where bondage and poorness dominate at that clip. The writer chooses this play because there are many characters found and each character has different traits. This assorted traits make this play go more complex and interestingly to be discuss. The writer merely focuses on Alexander and Amalia Jennings LaFarge because these characters are played by the writer on a staging play for drama category in English Department. Analysis This chapter intends to analyse the characters of the playThe Darker Face of the Earthget downing from the word picture of Alexander so the major character, Amalia Jennings LaFarge. The writer gives brief account of each character that mentioned above and adds character analysis worksheet in order to do the readers easier to understand. The theory that used in this analysis is New Criticism. This theory is one of literary attacks which is normally used to construe the significance of a literary work ( Tyson 136 ) . Every information are collect from the formal elements of this play, which is the word picture of characters that presented from their duologues and their gestures information. These word pictures support the writer to say the subject of this play. Alexander Characterization The Korean War Essay Papera-? Hazard taker ( page 1892 ; 1895 ; 1926 ; 1956 ) 5. Interest: Story-telling ( page 1920-1925 ) 6. Ambition: The writer assumes that Amalia has aspiration in happening her true love, harmonizing to what Amalia have done—she takes hazards by holding matter with slaves. The writer thinks that there is a different trait when comparing with Amalia’s blunt trait. For the writer herself, she feels uncomfortable when stating something bluffly to other people. The writer assumes that Amalia is a romp so there is no problem when moving as her on the phase. The writer feels accord with Amalia’s consistence. This similarity makes the writer ( histrion ) feels encouraged to play this character. The writer plays Amalia on Act II in the last scene. It is when Amalia eventually realize that it is all her mistake and kill herself in forepart of Augustus, and this action makes the writer interested to move every bit good as possible. The writer thinks that Amalia’s variant traits are interesting to be present on phase. Decision Conclusion intends to follow up the consequence of this analysis. New Criticism theory that is used to analyse playThe Darker Face of the Earthis capable in uncovering how the formal elements, in this instance the word picture being used as a support to understand the subject of this play. The subject of this play is â€Å"someone demands to fight to accomplish his/her life-time wish by taking any risks† . The writer found that even Alexander is the minor character, he still has of import function to nowadayss that slaves need their freedom and slaves are human excessively. And for Amalia Jennings LaFarge, she is a strong character that has a really of import function in this play because she is the 1 who start the struggle by holding matter with slaves and she is the 1 who deciding the struggle by self-destruction. The writer concluded that every character has their ain function to back up the plot line and the subject of this play. Mentions Iwuchukwu, O.Elementss of Drama. National Open University of Nigeria. Victoria Island, Lagos. 2008. Oakes, Elizabeth H.American Writers: American Biographies Facts on File Library of American History. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2004. Roberts, Edgar. V.Writing Subjects about Literature. New Jersey: Prentince Hall, Inc. , 1983. Tyson, Lois.Critical Theory Today: A User-friendly Guide. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. , 1999.

Just Put Your Mind to It free essay sample

Has somebody ever told you it was impossible to do something? Well you can. I’m just a normal kid in Kentucky that goes to a normal high school. West Jessamine. I have always loved the sport football, and it is the best sport out there. I have learned a lot of life values and probably the most important ones from football. I plan on keeping these values and learning new ones. I believe that if you put your mind to something you can accomplish anything. Really, if you think about it, you can do anything you put your mind to. If you are over weight and you have the thought of maybe getting skinnier than you can. Just put your mind to it. Exercise and eating a little less everyday is all you would have to do. See it is a very true statement. I know that every person out there has put there mind to something and accomplished it. We will write a custom essay sample on Just Put Your Mind to It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here is a bunch of examples on why I believe in this statement. If you are a straight D student and wanted to make A’s and B’s then just put your mind to it. Study every night and do you’re HW and there ya have it, A’s and B’s. A good story about this belief is the Miracle Worker. This girl named Annie Sullivan takes on the task of teaching a blind and deaf girl how to communicate. She works hard and she trys and put her mind to it. At the end, she finally gets it through the girl (Helen Keller) how to communicate. This is just one great story on the belief that if you put your mind to it you can do anything. Another great story is about a woman named Oprah Winfrey. As a young child, she was abused. She was African American and lived in a poor neighborhood. She tried extremely hard at school and this allowed her to become the richest woman in America. Now she is working on a show called the Oprah show, and it gives advice and other thing to people that need it. All kids at some point say that you can’t do something. Then the parents come over and show them. Just recently, I had an encounter with my belief statement. I was loading up 40-pound bags of salt and I told my dad I could not do it. Then my dad comes over and shows me the easiest way to transport the bags. Then next thing you now I am putting all the bags in the basement very quickly. As you can see if you put your mind to it you can do anything. The very reason I why I believe this statement comes from a life lesson. I was 10 years old and played football. I was a very large lineman and always wanted to be a running back. I wanted to be the person who got all the glory. I told my dad this. He told me that I really wanted to do something that I could. He gave me the advice that if I ran everyday after practice that I would get skinnier and would be allowed to run the ball. Therefore, I put my mind to it and ran and ran. I eventually got under the weight limit (120 pounds) and the coach told me I could run the ball. So I did. Now I am a running back for our high school and enjoy it In my future, I believe that my belief statement will take me a long way. I hope that it takes me farther in football and ables me to get a scholarship. It should help me in college. If I have an essay that seems impossible, I will know that if I put my mind to it that I can accomplish it. In addition, I think when I start making money that this will play a big part. Overall, I believe that if you put your mind to it that you can accomplish anything you want.

Medieval science lab report copy Essay Example

Medieval science lab report copy Essay Example Medieval science lab report copy Paper Medieval science lab report copy Paper In this lab we conducted a scientific test of astrological predictions, test for psychic abilities, test the conception that quartz has on curative properties, and roommate an experiment to test the conception that a good luck charm will affect the outcome of future events. Many people believe that they have some form of psychic abilities including: telepathy, clairvoyance, etc. For our first experiment we will be testing psychic abilities depending on the ability to read symbols on a card which was not visible to the partner. For the second experiment we will be testing to see if quartz crystal can change the recessive mutation of flies. Quartz crystals are often found to possessed powers that could help heal illness. In this part of the lab we will est.. This hypothesis. For the third experiment we will be testing to see if we can see the relationship to a persons day based on their horoscope. The 8 different zodiac signs each correspond to a persons date of birth. So we test to see if the persons future was already written in the stars. Methods In experiment one there were 5 symbol, each on five cards, on a total of 25 cards. The person is essentially guessing which symbol is represented on the card. If we look at this experiment logically then they, the person guessing, has a 1 in 5 chance in guessing the card correctly, so the average person has a 20% hence of success in this experiment, taking in the probability of a false positive. In experiment two, the study was conducted from 8 cultures of vestigial flies. Four cultures were placed close to the quartz crystal with the healing power, which were the treatment group. The other four cultures developed with the absence of mediation and quartz crystal, which were the control group. All the adults in these cultures were removed and all that was left was he larvae which were allowed to develop. Data was collected from a squarer with the formula In experiment three eight paragraphs, describing peoples days were typed n cards, each one labeled with a letter. Eight horoscopes, from an astrologer matched to the day it was written, and the appropriate zodiac sign. Data was collected on the amount of matches, incorrect matched and the total attempts. If the average person were guessing they would have a 1 in 8 chance at success. Results For experiment one, the data that was collected was that the viewer guessed 7 out of 25 matches, which was higher than the average viewer guessing 5 out of 25 therefore showing that viewer had little to no psychic ability. Experiment two: This shows the EX. Contingency table which can be used to induct a chi-square test of independence, to see if the chance of being cured/ normal is independent of whether the fly was in the control group or the crystal group. Hauser: (n(ad x ((a+b)(c+d)(a+c)(b+d)) the results show: (n(xx -xx 6. 23. This data shows that there is no correspondence of the quartz crystal to the recessive mutation of flies. Observed vestigial X group = 10 Observed normal X groups =15 Total X flies= 25 Observed vestigial Y group = 12 Observed normal Y groups =13 Total Y flies= 25 Total vestigial flies-22 Total normal flies=28 Total flies-50 For experiment three: This table is expected t o show if the horoscopes be matched to the predictions more often then one would predict by chance. Total number of matches=3 observed accurate=14 expected accurate=2 observed inaccurate matches=28 Expected inaccurate= 12 Discussion: In experiment one the hypothesis was about whether a set of cards could predict psychic ability, although for the average person guessing there is a 1 and 5 chance of success. However, the viewer guessed 7 out of 25 which is hardly any greater than the mere 20% of the average person. In conclusion, if we are going y the hypothesis would conclude that a set of cards could possibly show psychic ability but this viewer has little to no ability. In experiment two the hypothesis contested that quartz crystal has some healing powers. In order to achieve this conclusion physical proof is needed. The physical proof in this experiment is if the healing powers of the quartz crystal will cure the flies of a recessive mutation. The data concluded that the quartz crystal indeed did not heal the flies of the recessive mutation. In experiment three: the daily horoscopes is said to have a correspondence teen the events of a persons day and their horoscope for that day. In this experiment, there were eight journal entries that one needed to be matched with the correct zodiac sign. With the data correlated it shows that number of matches has nothing to do with the zodiac sign and the journal entries. In conclusion, all of these hypothesis tested were concluded to all be false. These experiments show that no experiments can show psychic ability and that a future is not held in the stars but in life itself. Work cited: Adventures in Populations and Communities: Lab manual for Bios 101, Dry. Mollusk.

Auschwitz Concentration Camp

Auschwitz concentration camp Auschwitz could not rest safely even in the country's silence in Poland. Only this name is recognized immediately - this is an abbreviation of criminal atrocities in the 20th century. If there are out-of-place and unnecessary myths, the facts can be simple, that is, the Auschwitz concentration camp. This has not been the case for 50 years. The list of myths and misunderstandings about Nazi's largest concentration camp is long. The Soviet investigators announced that 4 million people died in the Auschwitz concentration camp in May 1945 and Polish Communist authorities claimed this exaggerated number before losing power in 1989. The Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration camps and extinction camps founded and operated by Nazi Germany in Poland occupied during the Second World War. This includes Auschwitz I (the original concentration camp), Auschwitz II - Birkenau (central colony / extinction camp), Auschwitz III - Monowitz (labor camp using IG Farben's factory), and 45 Of satellite camps. Auschwitz I originally came for Polish prisoners in Poland and arrived in May 1940. The extinction of the first prisoners in September 1941. Auschwitz II - Birkenau continued the Nazi as the main place to eventually solve the Jewish problem. Problems during the massacre. From the beginning of 1942 until the end of 1944, transportation trains carried the Jews from various parts of Europe to the gas chambers of the camp, where they were killed together with the cyanide-based poison Zyklon B developed as an insecticide. The Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz concentration camp) started activities in the outskirts of Auschwitz in Poland. As most European Jews live in Poland and Eastern Europe, there will be six concentration camps known as camps of death: Auschwitz - Birkenau, Chelmuno, Belzec, Treblinka, Sobibor and Maedanek. Sir Harold McMichele, UK High Commissioner for Palestine, was frustrated by the entry of illegal immig rants into Palestine, leaving Hungary and returning two Jews who settled in Palestine with a tourist visa in 1934 We insisted on accepting. The Hungarian government said that its Jews are too numerous and the goal of the government is encourage immigration as far as possible. The Auschwitz concentration camp, also known as Auschwitz-Birkenau, opened in 1940 and is the largest among Nazi concentration camps and des camps. Auschwitz is located in the southern part of Poland and was originally a police prison camp. But it evolved into a camp network where the Jews and other perceived Nazi enemies are usually cleaned out in the gas chambers or used as slave labor. Several prisoners led by Josef Mengele (1911-79) also accepted barbaric medical experiments. Over the course of the Second World War (1939 - 1945), more than 1 million people died in the Auschwitz concentration camp. In January 1945, when the Soviet Army approached, Nazi officials ordered the camp to abandon and sent about 60, 000 prisoners of war to other places. When the Soviets entered Auschwitz, they found thousands of detainees and the mountains of the bodies left behind.

Methodology chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Methodology chapter - Essay Example Theoretical issues are fundamental to any research process because they constitute what researchers ‘silently think’ about research (Scott and Usher, 2011). Therefore, philosophical assumptions about ontology, epistemology and axiology are critical in undertaking a research process (Klenke, 2008). In the following sections, clarity on the philosophical approaches and research paradigm for this study will be provided. Ontological approach addresses the philosophical question about the nature of reality and how it affects the methods of doing research. This approach focuses on ways of life and the relations behind social realities. According to Ritchie and Lewis (2003), ontology emphasizes on multiple and dynamic realities with no consideration of external realities. Qualitative researchers agree that ontology describes people views on the nature of reality both objectively and subjectively. Ontological assumptions affect our opinions and views on what is real and what is not. Such assumptions must be identified and considered so that the findings of particular phenomena can be objective and credible. Epistemology consists of appropriate methods of finding out the nature of the world through knowledge acquisition. This approach emphasizes on knowledge acquisition and use to form basis and background for explanation of social realities. In epistemology, researchers opt to work with visibly evident social realities to come up with law- like conclusions akin to the ones created by natural and physical scientists (Cohen, et al., 2011). However, this approach has been termed more subjective especially when gathering information directly from participants through data collection methods such as interviews and observation (Beck 1979). Creswell (1998) defines paradigms as world diverse views, while Denzin and Lincoln (1994) describe a paradigm as a set of basic beliefs that deal with

Critically evaluate the idea that work is both a moral category and an Essay

Critically evaluate the idea that work is both a moral category and an economic category in capitalism - Essay Example The firms and individuals in capitalism also have the right of purchasing and selling labor without any government control. The market is equally a commercial society that is characterized by equilibrium or the balance between demand and supply. Another characteristic of capitalism is the balance between the jobs available in the economy and the population (Ito?, 1988 p. 4). Work as a Social category in Capitalism Work as a social category in capitalism is explicable using the theory of Capitalism as developed by Marx. In this theory, Marx states that the society is responsible for producing merchandise and services to the market. The division of labor characterizes the production process of the goods and services. As mentioned earlier, commercial society focuses on the social division of labor and the exchange of the commodities (Ito?, 1988 p.13). In capitalism, labor power is a commodity that is responsible for giving the economic structure an original appearance. Through the excha nge, a social connection is established between the different producers of the market commodities. As a means of fabricating a large amount of products that are required to satisfy the demands of customers on the market, a significant amount of social labor is required. This means that social labor needs distribution in the market or the economy. Another characteristic of Capitalism is the ethical shopping that humanizes the activities involved in capitalism. There exist inequalities in the socio-economic capital as well as proceeds in the free market. Ethical shopping ensures that the inequality in the free market is reducible by reconciling the respect of human rights. In capitalism, the effects of the consumer choices about the workers who are responsible for providing goods and services are evident (Dine, 2006 p. 139). The Basis of Morals in Capitalism Capitalism is a moral system that exists socially based on varied reasons. First, the producers’ freedom is highly respec ted in the free market and, the individuals or firms have the rights of setting their own goals. Due to the fall of communism, capitalism is adopted by many nations with the aim of promoting growth and prosperity of their economies. It is recognizable as the only economic system that is practical. However, the state is gaining control of the free market because no firm or individual has been ready or willing to defend capitalism based on moral. As a means of maintaining high morals, the government as well as the individuals in the free market had an agreement where the government’s role was to play part in ensuring the existence of high levels of morals in the market. Following the agreement, capitalism has continued to encourage virtues that are essential in human life (Tracinski, 2002 p. 1). As mentioned earlier, Capitalism ensures that the independent mind of individuals is safeguarded at all times. Additionally, capitalism facilitates the recognition of an individual†™s sanctity. The producers and creators should make sure that they produce products that will improve or sustain the human life. For

Macbeth explores ambition and its consequences Essay Example for Free

Macbeth explores ambition and its consequences Essay Macbeth explores ambition and its consequences and I am going to show how he successfully portrays this exploration and where in the play examples of this can be found. In scene three of act one, the witches for the second time in the play are seen. This time they are bragging about their unnatural actions and their powers over the human world. Macbeth and Banquo appear on what Macbeth describes as an unusually, foul and fair day. A foul day would be commenting on the weather but a fair day since they have just been triumphant in a defeat in battle. This description of the day by Macbeth could also mean something else too. It could also represent what is about to happen as well. Fair prophecies are to be told soon, but at the same time they may turn out to be foul. When Macbeth and Banquo confront the witches, they are unsure of what or who they are. Unsure of whether they are mortal or immortal due to the things they are saying and how they appear since they have beards like men. This can be seen when Banquo says, What are these,/ So withered, and so wild in their attire,/ That not look like th inhabitants o th earth,/ And yet ont? Live you, or are you aught/ That man may question? You seem to understand/ By each at once her choppy finger laying/ Upon her skinny lips. You should be women,/ And yet your beards forbid me to interpret/ That you are so. Then each of the witches hail Macbeth in three different ways. The first is Thane of Glamis. The second witch, Thane of Cawdor. The third witch hails Macbeth and speaks of him as King of Scotland thereafter. Banquo then questions the witches as to what they have to say to him. The first two witches build up to the third witchs comment that Banquos descendants will be kings. After this, Macbeth begins to question the witches for more information as to how these prophesies are to come true and how they know this information. All of a sudden the witches vanish into thin air leaving Banquo and Macbeth to talk about what has just happened and what has been said. Ross and Angus (two of Macbeths men) arrive and tell Macbeth of his elevation to Thane of Cawdor, and that the former thane is to be executed for treason. Macbeth and Banquo are in disbelief after being told this since what the witches have told them is really happening. Macbeth is now intent in believing he is to be king due to this occurrence of him becoming Thane of Cawdor. Banquo warns Macbeth that evil is at work even though such good things are being predicted and happening. Banquo is sure there is something sinister behind it all. Macbeth doesnt want to hear what Banquo is telling him and begins to imagine what King of Scotland would mean for him. Macbeth and Banquo decide to let future take care of itself and agree to discuss this matter at a more convenient time. It is already clear that the two men arent in agreement about the situation. Macbeth believes what the witches have told them, since part of what they have already said has come true. Banquo on the other hand is doubtful about what is happening and believes something evil and sinister is happening. Banquo is thinking logically and being very conscious about the current situation. Already ambition and temptation is effecting Macbeths actions and thoughts. Doubtfulness and a disagreement in opinion is the only thing challenging their relationship so far but it could get a lot worse. At this point the reader may feel that Banquo is trying to tell Macbeth to not read too deeply into these prophecies told by the witches since they are believed to be evil by him. But on the other hand Banquo may be regarded as jealous towards Macbeth about his good fortunes that are occurring. I think Banquo being regarded as jealous, is thought of more by Macbeth rather than the reader. Macbeth may see Banquo as a threat since his descendants may challenge Macbeths position in years to come when he believes he shall be king of Scotland. Macbeths ambition within this scene has not yet caused consequences but may do in later scenes to come. When Macbeth enters and Lady Macbeth explains to him what her plans are of killing the king Macbeth does not appear as enthusiastic about the idea and is hesitant. He immediately explains that Duncan will be departing next day. But Lady Macbeth simply says that he shall not see tomorrow and to leave the plans to her. It is understandable for Macbeth not to be all that enthusiastic about the idea of killing the king due to many aspects. These aspects include, Duncan being a relative of Macbeths, the potential of being caught, and also a matter of killing someone just to steal a title which belongs to an ally of his. Ambition from Lady Macbeth seems to be a threat towards Macbeth. Her violent, blistering soliloquies in act one, scene five, testify to her strength of will, which completely eclipses that of her husband. The witches are the cause of Lady Macbeths actions and ideas. Their prophecies have so far influenced both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, although Lady Macbeth considerably more so at this point within the play. In scene six Duncan arrives at Macbeths castle and is greeted warmly by Lady Macbeth. A very false greeting since the thoughts and ideas running through her mind are far more different than what she is expressing to Duncan in greeting him. This is false sense of security from Lady Macbeth towards Duncan. Ambition is feeding this false sense of security from Lady Macbeth towards Duncan since this is part of her plan to kill the king. Scene seven begins with Macbeth debating to himself the options he has in murdering or not murdering Duncan. He says that the deed would be easy if he could be certain that it would not set in motion a series of terrible consequences. He then considers the reasons why he ought not to kill Duncan. The reasons include: Macbeth is Duncans kinsman, subject and host. For someone to be related to and host someone else, then murder them is seen upon as inconceivable. He then comes to the decision to not kill Duncan since the only thing to drive his actions of killing the king would be his ambition, which he sees as an unreliable guide. Lady Macbeth is now expressing outrage towards Macbeth and trying to gain sympathy from him towards her since she has just told him that he is not providing her with enough love just because he wont kill Duncan. This is a very desperate resort that further expresses Lady Macbeths character towards the audience. Ambition is driving her evil actions. As Macbeth begins to waver after Lady Macbeths insults towards him, she then explains her plan. Immediately after she has explained her plan, Macbeth is surprised by her well thought out plan and her boldness/attitude. He then decides to proceed with the murder. Lady Macbeths attitude and ambition is influencing Macbeth to such an extent as to change his feelings and ideas towards the subject. This emphasises the power of ambition expressed from one person towards another. The witches prophecises and Lady Macbeths ambition together have made Macbeths ideas and opinions change completely. In act two, scene 1, Banquo and Fleance are walking along the hall way of Macbeths castle. Banquo tells his son, Fleance, about him being unable to sleep properly due to cursed thoughts and dreams. This shows that the three witches are having an effect upon Banquo. When Banquo and his son are confronted by Macbeth in the hall way, Banquo speaks of the witches telling some truth. Macbeth replies in an innocent way and says, I think not of them./ Yet when we can entreat an hour to serve,/ We would spend it in some words upon that business Macbeth is telling Banquo a blatant lie about his thoughts and feelings about the witches. Macbeth tells Banquo that he has thought nothing of them since the night they both confronted them. They then both agree to talk about the subject of the witches and their prophecies at a later time. Lady Macbeths plans have made Macbeth lie to his own friend and a great friend of that who he fought with side by side in battle. If Macbeth had told Banquo the truth in that he had been thinking about the witches a lot of the time, Banquo may suspect something when the king is killed in Macbeths own home and then Macbeth becomes king! Banquos knowledge of the witches prophecy makes him both a potential ally and a potential threat to Macbeths plotting. For now, Macbeth seems distrustful of Banquo and pretends to have hardly thought of the witches, but Macbeths desire to discuss the prophecies at some future time suggests that he may have some sort of conspiratorial plans in mind. The appearance of Fleance, Banquos son, serves as a reminder of the witches prediction that Banquos children will sit on the throne of Scotland. We realize that if Macbeth succeeds in the murder of Duncan, he will be driven to still more violence before his crown is secure, and Fleance will be in immediate and mortal danger. Ambition and determination from both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth will drive someone to killing Fleance or Banquo or even both at some point since these characters are potential threats in preventing Macbeth to remaining king of Scotland. As soon as Macbeth and Fleance depart and leave Macbeth alone, Macbeth imagines that he sees a dagger leading/pointing him in the direction to Duncans room. Macbeth tries to grasp the weapon and fails. He wonders whether what he sees is real or a, A dagger of the mind, a false creation,/ Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain? Macbeth decides that the vision of the dagger was simply a manifestation of his unease over killing Duncan. It is obvious that Macbeth is not overly confident nor enthusiastic about the matter of murdering Duncan but his lover has literally forced him into this position through mockery and ambition. As Macbeth hears the signal of the bell rung by Lady Macbeth he heads off to the kings room and commits the murder and says, I go, and it is done./ The bell invites me./ Hear it not Duncan, for it is knell/ That summons thee to heaven or to hell. This is Macbeths concluding speech before going on to commit the murder of Duncan. In act two at the beginning of scene one, Lady Macbeth is waiting for Macbeth to return, is found contemplating to herself about drugging the kings guards and congratulating herself as to how bold she is to carry out such actions. She also asks herself what gave her such courage, evil or sinister spirits perhaps as she asked for earlier on in the play? She says this at the beginning of scene two act one, That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold;/ What hath quenched them hath given me fire./ Hark! Peace! She obviously doesnt want anyone else to hear what she is saying since she appears startled when Macbeth enters. Macbeth appears dazed and obsessed with thoughts of damnation after committing the murder. Lady Macbeth notices the blood drenched daggers within the hands of Macbeths. She tells him to pull himself together after this dreadful mistake and also shouting, Whos there? What ho! Lady Macbeth warns Macbeth that he may have woken the guards after that silly act of shouting and tells him to return the daggers to the guards as planned. Macbeth refuses and so Lady Macbeth places the daggers next to the guards herself. Effects of shock and disbelief are gradually setting into Macbeth and this can be seen by his type of language spoken. This can be seen when Lady Macbeths tells him to return the daggers and he replies, Ill go no more./ I am afraid to think what I have done./ Look ont again I dare not. Macbeth appears to be unable to face up to what he has done, not even to himself, and is ashamed of himself after carrying out the murder. He is in shock and in denial over the whole situation. Macbeth appears scared and frightened of his own actions and all of this because ambition from Lady Macbeth and Macbeth. As the two go to wash their hands and prepare to get changed into their night clothes there is a knocking on the door of the castle and the murderer and his accomplice frantically get changed so to enable no one to suspect them as the possible murderers. The effect on Lady Macbeth after her trip into Duncans bedroom is particularly striking. She claims that she would have killed Duncan herself except that he resembled her father sleeping. This is the first time Lady Macbeth shows herself to be at all vulnerable. Her comparison of Duncan to her father suggests that despite her desire for power and her harsh chastisement of Macbeth, she sees her king as an authority figure to which she must be loyal. Also after the murdering of Duncan an important aspect to remember is that physical evidence can be washed away, like the blood to be washed off the skin of the hands, but emotional and mental feelings cannot be so easily removed and disposed of. This can be seen a little later in the play when Macbeth begins to act disturbingly and struggles to hold in his feelings. In the first scene of act three, Banquo is summing up the current situation. He has now witnessed two of the witches prophecies coming true, why not the next? If the next prophecy comes true that means Banquos descendants shall become king. Ambition and hope is now feeding Banquos motivation towards believing that the next prophecy shall come true. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are now attempting to put Banquos mind at ease by inviting him to a feast. Doing this they hope to prevent Banquo getting suspicious about the murder of Duncan and so not think it was Macbeth and Lady Macbeth who were involved in the murder. If they both tried to avoid any sort of contact with Banquo, it would seem suspicious and suspect since he is such a good friend of Macbeths. Macbeth goes onto tell Banquo that they must discuss the problem of Malcom and Donalbain fleeing and therefore possibly intending to plot against the crown. So far, Macbeth is covering is guilt very successfully and appearing genuine and true towards Banquo. A false sense of security is given from Macbeth towards Banquo. When Banquo departs, Macbeth remains on stage and begins a soliloquy. The soliloquy is of Macbeths thoughts about Banquo and the threat he holds with Fleance too. He speaks of how he may have killed Duncan only for their sake in the future to come. He fears killing Duncan has assisted them in becoming king a lot sooner than Macbeth wants. Macbeths best friend is now is worst threat. Banquo and Fleance are a great threat towards Macbeths position of kingship. Macbeths and his Ladys ambition for wanting everything and nothing but the best in kingship is beginning to have its consequences. Macbeth now knows he must get rid of both Banquo and Fleance so to prevent any such threat remaining towards Macbeth and his position as king of Scotland. He speaks with two murderers to whom he had already spoken the day before, assuring them that their misfortunes are Banquos fault. He tries to urge them to take revenge upon Banquo and his family. He tries to persuade the two murderers that if they carry the intended job out, that then proves them to be real men. They agree to the proposed job Macbeth is telling them to do and he stresses to kill both of them, Banquo and Fleance. Macbeth is now needing more people killed (to feed his ambition and determination in becoming king) although not carrying the offence out himself. This may be due to the fact that killing Duncan is taking effect and that Macbeth can not bear to kill another friend of his just for his good. This killing is an act of selfishness, greediness and desperation. He may not be carrying out the murder himself because he feels he is unable to kill such a dear friend and a friend he has fought side by side with in battle. He also may not want to murder Banquo and Fleance because it may appear suspicious if another murder occurs and no witnesses available to say where Macbeth was at the time. If people know where Macbeth is, they cannot suspect him of being guilty for the murder. Macbeth doesnt want to risk being caught by anyone and so has appoint these two men to do the job for him. Macbeth has no hesitation in killing Banquo and Fleance, which shows his ambition and determination is driving his actions. Macbeths conscience is no longer a part of his decisions he makes. Ambition appears to have replaced common sense. He is organising the death of one of his best friends and his friends son just so he can remain as king. Its hard to believe that the murders Macbeth is responsible for (in carrying out and planning) have all been down to prophecies told and Macbeths and Lady Macbeths ambition and determination in making the prophecies happen. Macbeth now appears more able and independent, since Lady Macbeth has had no say in the plan of killing Banquo and Fleance, that we are aware of. Lady Macbeths ambition and determination earlier on in killing Duncan is now consequently making Macbeth more determined to remain king. This is an awful consequence due to the fact that innocent friends and relatives of Macbeths are dying just so Macbeth and Lady Macbeth can preserve their hierarchal status. These are very selfish and ambitious ways of keeping it their own way, the way they want it to be. In scene two, act three, Lady Macbeth is urging Macbeth to put the past behind him due to being uneasy about how Macbeth is. Macbeth hints that he has a plan that is intended to be carried out that evening. He gives no details but he believes she will approve of his plans and actions. Macbeth, through Lady Macbeths eyes, is now appearing to be in full control of making sure that he remains king and she remains queen of Scotland. It is clear that Lady Macbeth is uneasy about it, but she covers her feelings when around Macbeth. After all it was her motivation and ambition that has made Macbeth what he is now both king but at the same time a ruthless killer if needs be just to hold the current position of king. It is clear now that Macbeths ambition is feeding his motivation. In scene four, this is where it all starts to go wrong for Macbeth and for Lady Macbeth too. Macbeth learns that only Banquo was murdered and Fleance escaped from the attempt at killing both. Macbeth is angered at this result and tells himself, There the grown serpent lies;/ the worm thats fled Hath nature that in time will venom breed He basically talks of how Banquo (the grown serpent) lies dead but the younger and growing boy, Fleance (the worm) is still at large and later in life he will pose a threat. Shakespeare refers to the pair as snakes and worms due to the fact that they can strike at any time and are hard to kill or catch. This sums up Fleance perfectly since he could strike at any time and therefore pose a threat, and also is hard to kill. This is disastrous for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth because it is Fleance that must be killed since he is the main threat towards Macbeths kingship. If Banquo survived suspicions would arise, but with Banquo dead and Fleance still alive, suspicions are still going to occur and also the threat is still at large for Macbeth and his lady. As the banquet begins and Macbeth sits down with his friends to eat he finds a ghost of Banquo sat in his seat. Invisible to anyone else at the banquet, Macbeth begins to talk to the ghost in the chair although through the eyes of the people attending the banquet it would appear to be Macbeth talking to a chair. If he starts saying too much he may give away information about murders that they have planned and carried out to the other guests. The side effects of the deception, ambition and lies are now beginning to take effect on Macbeth. He is hallucinating images of his victim which means he is worrying about the matter a great deal. All this is a consequence of over ambitious actions carried out by both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth himself. Shakespeare fundamentally shows ambition in two different ways in Macbeth. He shows how ambition can have dreadful consequences and how it can ruin your life. In Macbeths case he dies which is the ultimate price to pay for his ambition and attempting to change natures course. Shakespeare also shows ambition as a good thing through Banquos actions as he stays level headed and lives life each day at a time. Banquo and his role in Macbeth represent the better side of ambition but Macbeth represents the worst side of ambition. Ambition is generally looked upon as a good aspect to a person, but Shakespeare successfully shows how ambition can be both good and bad and what consequences can occur if you have too much of it in Macbeth.

The Society for Latin American Anthropology :: SLAA Human Rights Latin America Essays

The Society for Latin American Anthropology Changes in the SLAA's definition of "Latin America" have gone hand in hand with changes in the intellectual, social and political goals of the Society. As then president Michael Kearney wrote in an open letter to the membership published in the Society's April 1997 column in the Anthropology Newsletter:" (Until recently the society's membership) was centered in North America while its objects of study were primarily to the South of the United States. The prevalent pattern in the production and consumption of knowledge by North American anthropologists was one in which "we" used to "go down to" Latin America to study the "Latin Americans", and then publish most of our work in English...In recent years, in dialogue with the membership, the Board has sought to redefine "Latin America" as an object of anthropological inquiry from a region defined in geopolitical terms to a sociocultural definition based on the de facto presence of Latinos." The term "Latin America" has been expanded t o include the Anglophone, and Francophone Caribbean and Diasporic Latino communities. This push towards a more inclusive anthropology evident in their definition of "Latin America" is reflected in the Society's current goals and programs. Creating a truly international community of scholars of Latin America is the most important goal of the Society. Current president Joanne Rappaport in a statement published on the SLAA webpage writes, reaffirming Michael Kearney's vision, that the mission of the Society is to create "a space for dialogue across boundaries, particularly national and ethnic ones, in an effort to view Latin America, not as a geopolitical reality upon which we as North Americans have an "impact", but as a place from which to speak, write, and to theorize." The most important step in this mission to promote a dialogue between the different national Latin American anthropological traditions that constitute the field has been the creation of the Journal of Latin American Anthropology (JLAA). The Journal started in 1995 under the editorship of Wendy Weiss seeks to publish articles on anthropological research in Mexico, Central America, South America, the Caribbean and the Latin Diaspora. So far, issues have been devoted to the state of current Latin American anthropology, the concept of Mestizaje, and the Zapatista movement for indigenous autonomy in Mexico. Articles have been published in both Spanish and English.

Ivan the Terrible

Candice Ivan IV, Tsar of Russia is better known as Ivan the terrible. In the following paragraphs I will depict major events in his life and the role he played in Russia. I will also exhibit the many positive things that he did. As well as the negative things that he did to Russian society during his reign of thirty-seven years. I will debate the fact that Ivan IV was nick named Ivan the terrible. Ivan IV, Tsar of Russia is better known as Ivan the terrible. In the following paragraphs I will depict major events in his life and the role he played in Russia. I will also exhibit the many positive things that he did. As well as the negative things that he did to Russian society during his reign of thirty-seven years. I will debate the fact that Ivan IV was nick named Ivan the terrible. Ivan IV was born on August 25, 1530, in Moscow. He was the son of Vasily III, the grand duke of Moscow, who died when Ivan was just three years old. His mother Yelena Glinskaya who was from a leading noble family established a regency, which soon became nothing but corruption and wild violence as rival families feuded the dominance of the Ginskaya family. After Yelena Glinkaya died in 1538 the misrule continued after that. Ivan was crowned in 1547, but not as grand duke but as a tsar. In the same year he married Anastasia Romonov. Anastasia died on 1560, and Ivan remarried many times. Ivan died March 18,1584. Ivan IV made many positive attributes. From the year 1547-1560 are considered to be the really productive period of Ivan’s reign. During this period Ivan appointed an advisory council. Ivan also founded a national assembly in 1549, and enacted reforms in the local government . He also drew up a new law code in 1550. He also regulated the responsibilities and jobs of the aristocracy. Expansion of Russia eastward also started during this period. And finally trading began with the English, Dutch, and the French. Ivan IV made many negative attributes as well. In 1560 when Anastasia died marked the end of Ivan’s productive period. Ivan IV was increasingly powerful and he turned against his advisors, because he was convinced that they had caused her death, backed by rival Nobel families. Ivan threatened to abdicate unless the nobles were punished. Ivan left Moscow in 1564, and settled in a village called Aleksandrovsk. The confused people of Moscow begged Ivan to return . Ivan eventually returned to Moscow under two conditions. First, he had to have the right to punish traitors, executing them necessary and keeping their stuff. Secondly, he had a political and territorial subdivision called â€Å"the oprichnia† was to be established, and managed completely under the tsar. Ivan IV also known as Ivan the terrible. Ivan the terrible led a very eventful life. Ivan had many negative attributes. As well as positive attributes. If you put things in perspective all of these things balance off. So was Ivan IV really terrible? , you be the judge.

Franchising Opportunities in McDonald

Operating since 1955, McDonalds is world’s leading food service retailer with approximately 30,000 outlets in 119 countries serving roughly 46 million customers per day. McDonalds holds a large share in the globally branded fast food restaurants practically in every country and is one of the most famous and valuable brands. Since the very beginning, McDonald has always been a franchising company with franchising as its business focus. Moreover, since it is a well established brand franchising with it will ensure business security. The company poses attractive franchising opportunities as it is spread globally franchisees can literally choose the city of their choice. The franchisee will be assured that the brand is strong and business would be steady as the brand knows how to survive through generations despite the cutthroat competition. There are advantages for the franchisee as working with a giant is lucrative and adds to personal business knowledge. McDonald takes personal interest and supports the business whether local or international especially in areas of training, operations,   advertising, marketing, human resources, real estate, construction, purchasing and maintenance. This would enable maintenance of standards and be a big support to the franchisee for running the business. The franchising process is quite flexible and attainable. A new McDonald restaurant varies from $466,000 -955,500 USD. Of course the size of the facility of the restaurant, area and locality, expenses of pre-opening, the inventory, equipment, signage, dà ©cor and the landscaping will impact the cost. An initial fee of $45,000 USD is paid to McDonald's Corporation for all new restaurants. The initial cash investment is $175,000 minimum for a conventional purchase or $100,000 for a Business Facilities Lease. However the company doesn’t offer financing to franchisees and the initial fee capital should be your own and not borrowed. This means that the franchisee has to have a solid initial capital of its own. McDonald itself will develop the location and will evaluate and select it. It acquires the property, improves the site and undertakes the construction. It is the responsibility of the franchisee to equip the facility. Once the sites are developed they are offered to prospective franchisees. This ensures that the business is set in the right place and will be lucrative and at the same time standards will be maintained. The profitably defers due to reasons like sales location of the restaurant, occupancy and the cost of operating and the individual ability of the franchisee to manage and control. 4% of monthly sales are given as royalty to the company which could at times be heavy for the franchisee. The prospects look good but from the point of view of the franchisee they may not be so. Firstly, McDonald being a world renowned firm has its exceptionally high standards of quality and services which have to be met by world standards. There is tough competition between outlets in terms of promotions and services which the franchisee has to keep up. Also, there is a heavy down payment and a royalty from monthly sales. The franchisee may not be able to open the franchise in the location of his choice. Lastly, obtaining a franchise may be difficult as there is a long wait in line. Nevertheless, because of the steady flow of business and prospective relations with a world renowned brand, franchisees choose McDonalds evident by their ever growing franchises globally. Reference [Online] Available at: http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/franchise/franchisinghome.html/

Turn Your Blogs Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates

Turn Your Blogs Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates I started blogging in 1999 before the word blog existed. Back then it was more like an online journal. I was a pimply high school student at the time and would write a few paragraphs about random geeky topics every day. But I gave up after a few months when nobody seemed to care. A few weeks later, some friends asked me why I hadnt posted in a while. My chin fell to the floor. It wasnt that they didnt care. They just were passive readers. They enjoyed what I wrote, but they just didnt do anything to show it. How To Easily Turn Passive Readers Into Genuine Brand Advocates via @ckeckYou might remember the 80/20 rule (80% of revenue comes from 20% of customers, etc.), so you might think that 80% of word-of-mouth for your blog comes from 20% of your readers. But that is not true when you are starting out. If you have 20% of your readers as active promoters- brand advocates, if you will- you are doing an amazing job. When you start blogging, you will likely only have 2 brand advocates... your mom and best friend.  Plus a few close customers, if you’re lucky. This can be incredibly frustrating because you spend countless hours writing endless blog posts. You know that content marketing is supposed to: Drive sales Generate leads Encourage conversions But instead, it feels like all it does is waste your time. If you're not getting the results you want from your blog readers, it might not be apathy that you are fighting. You might just need to engage with your audience in a slightly different way. There are some activities that popular bloggers all seem to do that are generally written off by beginner bloggers because they don't understand why they do them. I call these activities "The 5 Laws For Turning Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates", and here's how you can  make these work for your blog: Law #1: Use Surveys To Find Your Readers' Deepest Desires There are 5 major reasons people will share your content on social networks: entertainment, defining themselves, relationships, self-fulfillment,  and  supporting a cause. So how do you write content that helps people achieve their goals and define themselves to others? Many bloggers write from their gut instincts, this is a big rookie mistake. It is much more effective to just ask your readers about their own desires, hopes, and dreams. The biggest bloggers like Tim Ferriss do this on a regular basis. If you have a small mailing list and are just getting started, you might not get a lot of feedback if you ask people directly to tell you their hopes and dreams. In fact, asking people up front like that is generally ineffective (unless you have a big following) because people don’t often reply honestly with personal details like that to mass emails. But there’s a trick you can use to get high quality, actionable feedback even from a small mailing list: use the Net Promoter System. It’s a highly effective way to get 8–10 times more actionable data than traditional surveying methods. Asking about hopes and dreams can be effective in engaging your audience. You simply ask: How likely is it that you would recommend my brand/product/service to a friend or colleague? (Answers are based on a 0–10 scale). That's it. Because it is so quick, easy and painless to respond to such a simple survey, you will find much higher response rates. After they give you their number, you ask an open-ended question: What's the most important reason for your score? Although you will get interesting answers here, the single biggest trick for turning passive readers into active promoters and brand advocates is in responding personally to every survey whether they give you positive or negative feedback. If they give you a 9 or a 10 (very likely to promote), it’s the best case scenario. All you need to do is follow-up with a personalized email with a suggestion for how they could promote you to their friends (leave a review, tweet a message, etc.). Often people are willing to promote, but just need a nudge in the right direction for how to promote you. If they give you a 1 or a 2 (very unlikely to promote), don’t fret. This is a great opportunity to learn more. Follow-up with a personal email thanking them for their time and asking what their biggest problem is so you can write more about it in the future. That way you get ideas for new things you can write about that you had not considered yet. Action Items: Start a mailing list for your blog at MailChimp or something similar. Send an NPS survey with a system like Promoter.io or something similar. Follow-up with all survey responders using the NPS Follow-Up Cheat Sheet templates. Law #2: Create Conflict And Drama A fair amount  of  blog posts are dry and boring. The most common advice to spice things up is by adding facts and data, but sometimes that will just make a post more boring. The trick to draw people in is to create conflict and add drama by telling stories. For example, popular blogger Neil Patel tells the story of how he learned new marketing ideas from scantily clad women: 10 Marketing Techniques That I Learned From Instagram Models. People share controversial, provocative, and dramatic opinions like wildfire. Give them  something to talk about. Controversial opinions are shared like wildfire. Give people something to talk about.You don’t need to be as provocative as Neil to achieve a similar result. One simple and reliable formula you can use to draw in your own readers is to open every blog post with a personal story about a problem you faced and how you overcame it or what it taught you. For an example, take a look at the beginning of this post. Action Items: Make a list of at least 20 hopes, dreams, fears, and frustrations of your readers collected from the action item in Law #1. Think of 20 personal anecdotes or stories where you or a friend had similar dreams or frustrations for each one, and how you achieved the goal or overcame the frustration. Review previous blog posts to see if you can optimize them  with stories. Law #3: Train Your Readers To Be More Active Did you know subliminal messages are a myth? There is no scientific evidence that they work. That’s why the pre-show movie overtly shows you pictures of popcorn and coke. Because explicit messaging does work. So if you want people to share your content, you must ask them to. If you want people to join your mailing list, you must ask them explicitly. Ask: It's how to turn passive readers into subscribers.One of the most effective ways to engage your audience is by giving them an incentive to promote you. Virtual or physical giveaways  are always a great way to make this happen. A pro tip is that it’s usually better to give away 10 items one at a time than one giveaway with 10 items. For example, you will usually get the same number of people to enter the contest every time (and thus promote the contest). 10 times the prizes will not get you 10 times as many contestants. Action Items: Make a list of 20 things you could give away: paper books, e-books, audiobooks, interviews, checklists, cheat sheets. Make sure they are hyper-relevant to your audience’s hopes and desires. Use LeadPages or similar software to have the giveaways lead directly to new email list subscribers. Get the KingSumo Giveaways WordPress plugin to run your own contests quickly and easily. Tweets and Facebook messages give people better chances to win. Personality quizzes are a great way to activate your passive readers. WordPress plugins like WordPress Viral Quiz make them easily to build. Add them to your blog and watch them convert like crazy. Law #4: Create More Personal Relationships You are more likely to actively engage with friends than acquaintances, so how do you make your audience feel like they are your friend? One way to create personal relationships is by telling personal stories (from Law #2), but there are more techniques for creating intimacy with your reader. For example, if I am talking to you as friends would, I would never say: â€Å"People should share the content if they like it† if what I really meant to say was â€Å"You should share my post if you like it.† It goes against what you learned in high school, but when blogging, use personal pronouns (like â€Å"I† and â€Å"You†) instead of impersonal pronouns (like â€Å"people should do this and that†). Get personal with your #blog to build relationships with your readers.Another great method is to combine this with Laws #1 and #2. Engage with people through your surveys to find out their personal stories (like â€Å"please tell me your story†, not â€Å"send me stories†), and then ask permission to share their stories on your blog. Most people will gladly say yes, and then you can share your own point of view through your customers' stories (and even in their own words). Personal pronouns combined with great storytelling bonds people together and creates relationships. This should be a top goal for your blog if you want to create active subscribers and brand advocates. Action Items: Review your 3 most popular blog posts for impersonal pronouns (he, she, they, people, them, one) and see if you can replace them with more personal ones (I, you). This will give you a sense for how vigilant you will need to be in the future. Call or email your 5 best customers, and tell them you just wanted to make sure they were happy. Then ask them to tell you about the last big challenge they had and how they overcame it. LISTEN. Don’t interrupt. Write notes. Carefully read some of the popular blogs in your space and see what they do to draw people in. Do they use personal pronouns? Use QuickSprout to research their most popular posts and figure out how  you can replicate that success. Recommended Reading: 25 Growth Hacks Your Content Marketing Desperatly Need Law #5: Tell Your Audience What To Do The end of your posts will make or break how active your readers are. If you end with something typical like: â€Å"In conclusion, do X to get Y,† then your reader will happily close their tab and move on. But if you end with a call to action, then if they liked the post, they will know exactly what to do next. A simple and effective way to do this is with a postscript. Postscripts tend to catch people’s eye and are very hard to ignore. If you want people to share a post, you could write a post-script as simple as this one: P.S. If you know someone who makes this mistake, I'd love it if you shared  this post with them. Thank you! It’s a non-invasive way to increase the virality of your posts. You can even auto-include it on all your WordPress posts if you use a plugin like Bottom of Every Post. If you use the SumoMe WordPress plugin, you can keep track for free of what percent of readers get to the end of your posts. On average, we find that half of our readers will read the whole post. By the time they get there, they will be ready to take an action. You just need to point them in the right direction. Action Items: Think of 1 thing that has inspired you recently that wasn’t related to work, but tied into work (like Neil Patel’s 10 Marketing Techniques That I Learned From Instagram Models) and make it into a new blog post full of story and personal pronouns. End it with a P.S. that asks readers to share the post and see what happens. Combine postscripts with the giveaways created in Law #3 to make irresistible actions for your readers to take. Think of ways to make more content out of your most popular posts. For example, you could create slides and post them to SlideShare or record yourself dictating the post and make a podcast out of it. Then the action your readers can take is directly related to the content they just read. Turning passive readers into active promoters and brand advocates  isn’t hard, sometimes it just takes a few tweaks to make a big difference. Try some of these techniques and see what works for you. If you discover other techniques, please come back to this post and leave a comment to help others just like you.

A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A - Essay Example The essay on King Abdulla Scholarships was more liberal in details since it set its focus on the consequences of the cultural interaction between the Saudi students and the Americans. The two essays presented unique challenges connected with the appropriateness of content involved. Organizing the essays involved some kind of research because much of the details were beyond my immediate experience and grasp of knowledge. In the entirety, the writing was a form of learning experience because I interacted with various sources that provided resourceful and engaging information on multiple factors that connect with the subjects of the essays. It was fulfilling to arrange these sources into logical explanations, analyses, and elaborations on healthy eating and the impact of King Abdullah Scholarships on the Saudi students. Time management was one of the challenges encountered in the process of writing these essays. A significant amount of time was spent in the reading and analysis of the information from the various sources required a depth of insight and quick processing of information in order to achieve quality essays within the right kind of time. The planning stages of the essay entailed the organization of the introduction of the subject matter in a way that would ease the understanding of the readers. I acknowledged the fact that I was not writing the essays for my own reading. They were intended for particular audiences. As such, planning involved the choice of language and the organization of sentences. Furthermore, these essays dealt with matters of general interest. Such matters can generate boredom if handled clumsily without regard to the element of beauty and creativity, which many readers seek in any piece of writing. As such, it was necessary to organize this piece of writing in a way that would enhance the understanding of the reader without placing any kind of

Human Error in Aviation Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Error in Aviation - Annotated Bibliography Example The source is a journal, which means it is peer-reviewed and thus credible. In addition, the study is based on analysis of post-accident data, and not assumptions, which makes it reliable and credible. Moreover, the chances of biases associated with personal view of the authors are limited since the results are based on actual data. In addition, the study is relevant in the study of the influence of human error on aviation accidents. Regarding authors’ credentials, Douglas is an associate professor who has undertaken several researches on human factors and flight safety. On the other hand, Dr. Scott Shappel is a Department Chair of Human Factors and Systems. Furthermore, Shappel is an author of several publications and has participated in various researches related to human factors and aviation. Therefore, given their backgrounds on human factors in aviation accidents, the information presented in this article is credible and reliable. This article is helpful in my research because it analyzes the main ideas of human errors that contribute to aircraft accidents. The information from this source helps in the description, classification, and understanding of the concept of human errors. It also relates to the rest of my chosen bibliography in its main ideas and focus. The study analyzes error classification methods that explain the causes of human error. The author analyzes the errors made by reviewing error assumptions and proposing alternative solutions. The purpose of classifying human errors is to help people concerned with Human factors in aviation apply practical explanations to their accounts of human errors. The author argues that the major reasons behind his classification of errors are to identify a simple error principle that goes beyond superficial errors. The author’s main points revolve around the deeper understanding of classification of errors and the ways in which analysts

Has no topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Has no topic - Essay Example ntrastingly, people who depend on employment have no choice but to work as the job regulations demand and since they do not have other alternatives to earn a living. People having immense wealth can get easy access to the lawmakers through their efforts of campaigning and thus protecting their assets. Alexis argues that America has been an egalitarian society. Egalitarian society is one that takes into consideration little power, status, wealth and prestige differences among individuals. According to Alexis (Brueggemann, 2010), there has not been prevention of individuals amassing resources to extreme extents thus ensuring fair resource distribution. In contrast to this view, Gabriel Kolko argues that, despite year-to-year fluctuations since 1910, there has been unequal income distribution. Gabriel asserts that America has a characteristic concentration of wealth that is wealth is on the hands of only a few individuals in the society. The top 1% of the American rich own 33 percent of wealth in the United States. There are also another top 10% of the people possessing 69 percent of the assets. This means that the remaining 90% majority of the people only own about 31% of the assets. From Table 7.2, we note that 27 percent of the wealth falls to the percentiles 50 to 90% and the bottom about half of the total population possess only around 3 percent of the assets. Thus, it is evident from Table 7.2 that there is a large margin of inequality since the bottom 90 percent of the population is far poor compared to 1% of the population. Figure 7.1 gives the trend of wealth owned by the richest 1% of the population right from 1774 to the year 2005. It shows the share to have hit the highest percentage in 1830s reaching 44 percent. The period between 1774 and 1860 saw wealth concentration rising with 1820s and the late 1840s experiencing steep increases (Brueggemann, 2010). This trend conforms to Kuznets hypothesis. Figure 7.2 shows the top bracket (groupings for taxation

Below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Below - Essay Example After deciding I wanted to commit myself abroad, I decided to enroll in the Paris Summer Program. I felt that this program would offer me a hand on opportunity for me to further enhance and test my control of the French language in real life experience, something that could only be achieved by working overseas. I also knew that this would also help me complete the requirements of my French major. Beside just this, I would also become integrated and introduced to a new and exciting culture, as well as the different ideas and thought patterns of the French people. I feel this is invaluable experience, and an experience that can only be truly attained by working with the culture first hand in that very country. This will also help me to expand my horizons as an International Relations major, and will help be learn how to work with other cultures, a valuable experience for one like me who wishers to further become involved in the field of International Relations. One of my aspirations an d greatest dream is to work with an international organization in Switzerland, which is a Francophone country.

North Carolinas Position on Vaccine Preventable Diseases

North Carolinas Position on Vaccine Preventable Diseases In Northern Carolina, it is very difficult to find diseases that are preventable through the use of a vaccine. This is because of an efficient vaccination program that normally targets its citizens at a younger age, as well as a constant monitoring of the emergence of diseases that are preventable through vaccination programs. It is the philosophy of the State of Northern Carolina to continuously vaccinate diseases that are also under control, for purposes of ensuring that they do not re-emerge. This includes diseases such as polio and measles (Department of Health, 2014). Furthermore, the health department of Northern Carolina would always seek to ensure that the vaccination record of a child is checked once the child under consideration enrolls in a school, or a child care facility. It is important to provide an explanation that a child is not allowed to enroll in a school, whether it is private, religious, or even public without the same child receiving all immunizations that are appropriate and useful for their age. This policy is aimed at reducing the chances of a child to acquire diseases that are preventable through vaccination, as well as reducing the chances of such a disease spreading to vulnerable children. It is the following ailments that the state of North Carolina actively vaccinates its citizens against, HPV, Hepatitis A, and B, Diphtheria, Anthrax, Influenza, Mumps, Rabies, Tetanus, Typhoid, etc (Department of Health, 2014). Furthermore, for purposes of turning this vaccination policy into a success, the Government of North Carolina has developed a vaccination schedule that all health care agencies must follow while vaccinating children under the ages of 18 years. This schedule contains the identification of the ages in which children are supposed to be given certain doses of the vaccine, and identifies the type of vaccine to be administered. These vaccination schedules do not only identify the vaccination programs of children, but they also identify the vaccination programs of adults. Cohort Study Data: In the medical field, a cohort study is always used to obtain evidence for purposes of disapproving the existence of an association between the causes and effects of a disease or medical condition. It is important to provide an explanation that by failing to disapprove an hypothesis, then chances are high people will start having confidence in it. It is important to understand that the cohort study can be a useful method in reporting on HPV, and tracking the disease. This is because scientists will identify a particular group of people, who are not infected with the HPV disease and thereafter conduct a study on the people who acquire the HPV disease (CDC, 2014). This would help in coming up with the characteristics and behaviors of these people, and hence develop a plan, based on their behaviors and characteristics on how to treat, as well as prevent the development and the spread of the HPV disease. It is important to provide an explanation that the results of the cohort study regarding the emergence of HPV are accurate, mainly because this study has been conducted over a long period of time, and data has been collected at regular intervals, reducing any chances of errors. A cohort study can also be used for purposes of analyzing the effects of HPV on the victims and the society, and thereafter provide a report on the best methods of minimizing the effects of these medical condition on the society. Take for instance; various findings from cohort studies indicate that stigma is one of the associated effects of HIV AIDS (CDC, 2014). On this basis, conducting a cohort study will enable policy makers to know the effects of HPV on the society, and hence come up with ways and means of solving the problem. It is important to understand that a cohort study will identify the environmental agents that play a role in accelerating the negative impact of HPV. Without this knowledge, it would be impossible for policy makers to come up with a solution on how to tackle the negative effect of HPV on an individual, as well as the society. Finally, researchers can use the Cohort study to calculate the exposure of risk in contaminating HPV that different groups have. This is because the cohort study will start by studying people who are not infected with HPV, after which it will study the people affected with the HPV, from the same group. This would help the researcher to come up with a report that calculates the absolute, relative, and attributable risks of people. Policy makers can thereafter use these calculations for purposes of developing a policy aimed at preventing the spread and emergence of HPV. Efficacy of Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardiovascular Diseases includes diseases such as stroke, heart attack, and other ailments of the circulatory system. In Northern Carolina, stroke and heart diseases contribute to the fourth and second largest killer diseases or ailments. In total, cardiovascular diseases were the largest killer diseases in Northern Carolina. This was as per the statistics of the year 2012. It is important to provide an understanding that the mortality rates in Northern Carolina are higher than the national average mortality rate. However, over the years, the differences between these rates have reduced, with North Carolina depicting a decrease of more than 50%. For instance, in the year 1979, the mortality rate of North Carolina due to cardiovascular diseases was 555 deaths, for every 100,000 people. This reduced to 242 deaths, for every 100,000 people. Furthermore, over the last ten years, the mortality rate due to cardio vascular diseases in North Carolina has remained equal with that of the average national government (Government of North Carolina, 2014). This is an indication that the strategies employed by North Carolina to prevent the spread, as well as the emergence of these diseases are taking shape. Despite these improvements, the rate of stroke in North Carolina is very high in the United States as a whole. North Carolina has the 10th largest mortality rate of stroke in the country. On this basis, there are efforts of reducing the emergence of stroke in the country, and this is through improving an access of gaining services in caring for the patients with stroke, as well as initiating preventive measures such as education forums that promote healthy living. Furthermore, to increase efficiency in further reducing the emergence of cardiovascular diseases, there is a need of following the following steps; Carrying out education clinics for purposes of educating the public on the need of healthy living, and using proper diets. Sponsoring research, for the main aim of developing new methods of fighting the disease as well as treatment methods. Partnering with the local communities, and all stakeholders of health, for purposes of coming with suitable measures of preventing the occurrence and spread of the disease. Improving the health sector, through building of more hospitals, training medical experts who specialize in this field, as well as improving an access to medical facilities in the state. Making it mandatory for people to be medically screened on a monthly basis. Steps to take when utilizing Cohort study design in following CVD: There are four important steps to take when utilizing a cohort study design in following the emergence of the disease; these steps include the following (Community Guide, 2014), Describing the situation: This involves providing a description on the intentions of the cohort study, the type of people used for purposes of the study. Furthermore, this step involves identifying the patterns, as well as the frequencies of the occurrence of the disease in terms of person, place and time of diagnoses. Examining the Determinants: This involves the search of the factors or causes that has been associated with an increase in the probability of the development of the disease. This involves asking questions such as what, who, where, and when. Furthermore, this also involves asking questions such as why, and how. Health Related problems. Identification of other health related problems that relate to the emergence of cardiovascular diseases. This is for purposes of developing an effective design that will be effective in serving its purpose. Population; Identifying the right population, who are not infected with the disease, for the purpose of conducting the cohort study. It is important to understand that a right population matter, in the sense that they would determine whether the study is successful or not. References: CDC. (2014, March 20). Genital HPV Infection Fact Sheet. Centers for Disease Control and  Prevention. Retrieved May 24, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm Government of North Carolina. (n.d.). Chronic Disease and Injury Section. DPH:. Retrieved  May 24, 2014, from http://www.publichealth.nc.gov/chronicdiseaseandinjury/ Department of Health. (n.d.). Vaccine Preventable Diseases. NC DPH, WCH: Immunization:  Family:. Retrieved May 24, 2014, from http://www.immunize.nc.gov/family/vacc-prev.htm Community Guide. (n.d.). Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control: Team-Based Care to  Improve Blood Pressure Control. The Community Guide-Summary-Cardiovascular Disease: Team-Based Care to Improve Blood Pressure Control. Retrieved May 24, 2014,  from http://www.thecommunityguide.org/cvd/teambasedcare.html